What is backflow?
Backflow is water flowing the wrong way, from a building's plumbing back into the public water supply. It can happen when pressure in the city main drops (for example during a main break or firefighting) or when pressure inside a building rises, and it can pull in fertilizer, chemicals or other contaminants.
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Who needs backflow testing?
A backflow preventer is required wherever a cross connection could let contaminated water reach the drinking water supply. Common examples:
- Lawn irrigation and sprinkler systems
- Fire sprinkler lines
- Restaurants, medical and dental offices, car washes and other businesses with chemical or process water
- Boilers, pools and some commercial equipment
Your water utility sets the testing schedule for devices on its system and usually sends a notice when a test is due. Tests generally must be performed by a certified backflow tester, so ask the contractor about their certification when you call.
What happens during a backflow test?
- The tester briefly shuts off water through the device.
- They connect a calibrated test kit to the test cocks and check that each check valve and relief valve holds and opens at the correct pressure.
- They record the results and, in most cases, submit the test report to the water utility.
The test usually takes well under an hour for a single device.
If the device fails
Failures are commonly caused by debris, worn rubber parts or springs. Many devices can be rebuilt with a repair kit and retested the same day. Older or damaged assemblies may need replacement. The contractor will explain the options and quote before repairing.
Backflow prevention for new systems
Adding irrigation, a boiler, a fire line or certain commercial equipment can require a new backflow preventer. A licensed contractor will choose the right type of device for the hazard level and install it so it can be tested easily. Businesses can also see commercial plumbing.
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How often does a backflow preventer need testing?
Most water utilities require testable backflow assemblies to be tested at least once a year, and after installation or repair. Check the notice from your utility for your exact due date.
Can I test my own backflow preventer?
No. Tests generally must be done by a certified backflow tester using a calibrated test kit, and the results are usually reported to the water utility.